[20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. Dictatorships have arisen throughout history, usually in times of crisis. It was initially aligned with Yugoslavia, but its alignment shifted throughout the Cold War between Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and China. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. 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This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011.
In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism.
List Of Dictatorship Countries? - The Divine Writer There must be more than one party competing in the elections. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics.
8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. 5. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. 10. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. Too Much Power. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. 10. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. " [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. 3. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) [1]:68. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar?
Dictatorship - Wikipedia Is North Korea a dictatorship? [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. The dictator is the absolute ruler. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship?
The worst communist dictators and the things they've done - thevintagenews Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship.
Dictatorship: What It Is, Types, Characteristics And Examples Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place.